Barley, the most widely adapted cereal grain in the world, is an ancient crop that has been used for thousands of years for feed, food, and the production of beer.
The process by which barley is converted into a usable form for brewing is called malting.
| Response | Units |
|---|---|
| Amylase Level (Goal:Max) | (U/G) |
| Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Level (Goal:Max) | (U/G) |
| Dymethyl Sulphide (DMS) (Target: 65 ppb ) | Parts per Billion (ppb) |
| Factor | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| Seeping Temperature | 14°C | 18°C |
| Seeping Time | 24 hours | 48 hours |
| Germination Temperature | 12°C | 20°C |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | 0 g/L | 0.2 g/L |
| Germination Time | 4 hours | 8 hours |
| Withering Temperature | 35°C | 50°C |
| Drying Temperature | 55°C | 65°C |
| Kilning Temperature | 70°C | 90°C |
| IDK Level | 1 Tufnel | 11 Tufnels |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steeping_Time | 50.82 | 26.25 | 1.936 | 0.06973 |
| Germination_Temp | 80.67 | 26.25 | 3.073 | 0.006893 |
| Kilning_Temp | 165.9 | 26.25 | 6.32 | 7.679e-06 |
| (Intercept) | 733.8 | 24.31 | 30.19 | 3.287e-16 |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steeping_Time | 44.6 | 13.35 | 3.34 | 0.003883 |
| Germination_Temp | 153.6 | 13.35 | 11.5 | 1.92e-09 |
| Kilning_Temp | -165.6 | 13.35 | -12.4 | 6.066e-10 |
| (Intercept) | 937.4 | 12.36 | 75.81 | 5.934e-23 |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steeping_Time | 7.4 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 4.9e-05 |
| Germination_Temp | 21 | 1.4 | 15 | 3.1e-11 |
| IDK_Level | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.15 |
| (Intercept) | 38 | 1.3 | 30 | 4.5e-16 |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steeping_Time | -4.982 | 1.118 | -4.458 | 0.0003042 |
| Germination_Temp | -18.17 | 1.118 | -16.26 | 3.334e-12 |
| (Intercept) | 29.44 | 1.035 | 28.46 | 2.036e-16 |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steep_Time | 38 | 21 | 1.8 | 0.097 |
| Germ_Temp | -121 | 21 | -5.8 | 9.1e-05 |
| Kiln_Temp | 138 | 21 | 6.6 | 2.7e-05 |
| I(Germ_Temp^2) | -90 | 32 | -2.8 | 0.015 |
| Steep_Time:Germ_Temp | 45 | 24 | 1.9 | 0.078 |
| (Intercept) | 975 | 24 | 41 | 2.5e-14 |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steep_Time | -52 | 18 | -2.9 | 0.013 |
| Germ_Temp | 114 | 18 | 6.5 | 4.6e-05 |
| Kiln_Temp | -146 | 18 | -8.3 | 4.6e-06 |
| I(Germ_Temp^2) | 51 | 26 | 1.9 | 0.081 |
| Steep_Time:Germ_Temp | -61 | 20 | -3.1 | 0.01 |
| Steep_Time:Kiln_Temp | -36 | 20 | -1.8 | 0.095 |
| (Intercept) | 1029 | 20 | 52 | 1.6e-14 |
| Â | Estimate | Std. Error | t value | Pr(>|t|) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steep_Time | -1 | 1.3 | -0.8 | 0.44 |
| Germ_Temp | -8.3 | 1.3 | -6.5 | 1.4e-05 |
| I(Steep_Time^2) | 4.8 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 0.026 |
| (Intercept) | 10 | 1.4 | 7 | 6.7e-06 |
9261 observations (0.1 incriments on each variable)
The Pareto Front reduced this to 1621 observations
| 9233 | 422 | 432 | 431 | 430 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.091 | 0.061 |
| 9233 | 9229 | 432 | 310 | 392 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.17 | 0.076 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Â | Steep_Time | Germ_Temp | Kiln_Temp | AM | SOD | DSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9233 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.66 | 0.32 | 0.95 |
| Â | Steep_Time | Germ_Temp | Kiln_Temp | AM | SOD | DSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 432 | 0.1 | 1 | -1 | 0.14 | 0.88 | 1 |
Considering that the points perform equally well, the reccomendation is to operate at the values associated with point 9233. This point achieves similar results with less sacrifices in each of the Response Variables.
Steeping Time 39.6 hours, Germination Temperature of 19.6°C, and a Kilning Temperature of 90°C, all others at mean values.
| AM | SOD | DSD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rep1 | 1055.32 | 971.74 | 60.6 |
| Rep2 | 1033.41 | 959.68 | 63.37 |
| Rep3 | 1000.57 | 984.23 | 64.07 |
| Rep4 | 1055.52 | 936.23 | 58.51 |
| Model | 1043.976 | 983.3642 | 6.06584 |
| avg | 1036.205 | 962.97 | 3.3625 |
| Sdev.s | 25.92372 | 20.45118 | 2.567507 |
| Tstat | 0.299749 | 0.997211 | 1.052905 |